Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.1 (Maipo) 安裝gcc 的幾種方式

linux中沒有默認安裝的gcc，折騰了一番，終於搞好，記錄備忘。

[root@localhost local]# gcc
bash: gcc: command not found

查看系統版本：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@x86-035.build.eng.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.8.3 20140911 (Red Hat 4.8.3-7) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Jan 29 18:37:38 EST 2015

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release




Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.1 (Maipo)	

red hat中yum需要付費

[root@localhost local]# yum install gcc
Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

主要有兩種方式解決此問題：
一、通過yum安裝，第一種通過替換成CentOS的yum，然後直接 yum install gcc 安裝；
                               第二種通過本地鏡像文件來裝，用iso做一個yum庫（無法聯網時的辦法）。
二、直接安裝gcc，第一種通過rpm安裝（依賴包挺多的，很繁瑣）；第二種通過gcc壓縮包安裝。
此處只敘述了本人成功的一種方式，其他方式可以搜一下，有很多文章進行了敘述。
1、安裝yum，替換成CentOS中的yum，通過yum install gcc安裝，通過此方式要確定服務器能上網a. 備份原 yum

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo.backup

b. 刪除red hat yum源

rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e nodeps 

c. 下載新的yum包，因為是red hat 7 安裝CentOS 7 版本的yum源，版本一定要對應，可避免不少麻煩
    去http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/下載如下文件
   
下載：yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
         
     yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
               yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
               python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
 
或者命令下載直接：

wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm

d. 安裝新的yum包

rpm -ivh python-iniparse-0.4-9.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm

   安裝後可通過命令查看：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64

   如果報錯缺少包，可以將包名複制到http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/ 下去找對應的包，並下載安裝。
   如：可能會缺少python-urlgrabber這個包，就先下載安裝這個包。
e. 將CentOS的yum源更新到red hat中 下載地址：http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo 將repo文件移動到 /etc/yum.repos.d/下，並編輯 （把版本號換成7就行）

[root@localhost ~]# mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost ~]# vi CentOS6-Base-163.repo 

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-7-Base
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever6&arch=$basearch&repo=os
#baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#released updates
[update]
name=CentOS-7-Updates




#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[extras]
name=CentOS-7-Extras
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-7-Plus
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-7-Contrib
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=4&arch=$basearch&repo=contrib
baseurl=http://ftp.sjtu.edu.cn/centos/7/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

如果後面有報找不到key的問題，可以下載對應的key，然後將gpgkey=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
指定成本地文件gpgkey=file:///usr/local/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
f. 清理yum緩存 

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache

g. 就可以安裝測試啦！
yum install gcc